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By using replication monitor 

Go to start > run > type repadmin

Go to start > run > type replmon

The Replmon graphical user interface (GUI) tool is included when you install Windows Server 2003 Support Tools from the product CD or from the Microsoft Download Center

Replmon.exe: Active Directory Replication Monitor

This GUI tool enables administrators to view the low-level status of Active Directory replication, force synchronization between domain controllers, view the topology in a graphical format, and monitor the status and performance of domain controller replication.

The Replmon graphical user interface tool was removed from Windows Server 2008 and later. Repadmin is still available for troubleshooting replication.

Repadmin.exe: Replication Diagnostics Tool

This command-line tool assists administrators in diagnosing replication problems between Windows domain controllers.

Administrators can use Repadmin to view the replication topology as seen from the perspective of each domain controller. In addition, Repadmin can be used to manually create the replication topology, to force replication events between domain controllers, and to view both the replication metadata and up-to-date vectors.

Repadmin.exe can also be used for monitoring the relative health of an Active Directory forest. The operations replsummary, showrepl, showrepl /csv, and showvector /latency can be used to check for replication problems.